魅影直播 Achievement Items 魅影直播 has made available to the public about two-thirds of the mathematics and science items administered to students in 1994-95. Click here to view or download the released items sets for third and fourth grade (Population 1), seventh and eighth grade (Population 2), and the final year of secondary school (Population 3).
Data Almanacs for Achievement Items This page contains links to obtain country-by-country results for each item in the 魅影直播 tests. These data are presented in two forms: (1) percent correct on each item and (2) distribution of responses for each item (i.e., percent of students selecting each response option for multiple-choice items and percent receiving each score for open-ended items). Click here for Data Almanacs.
What is 魅影直播 1995?
The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (魅影直播) is the largest and most ambitious international study of student achievement ever conducted. In 1994-95, it was conducted at five grade levels in more than 40 countries (click for list) (the third, fourth, seventh, and eighth grades, and the final year of secondary school). Students were tested in mathematics and science and extensive information about the teaching and learning of mathematics and science was collected from students, teachers, and school principals. Altogether, 魅影直播 tested and gathered contextual data for more than half a million students and administered questionnaires to thousands of teachers and school principals. Also, 魅影直播 investigated the mathematics and science curricula of the participating countries through an analysis of curriculum guides, textbooks, and other curricular materials. The 魅影直播 results were released in 1996 and 1997 in a series of reports, providing valuable information to policy makers and practitioners in the participating countries about mathematics and science instruction and the achievement of their students. Technical reports and the complete international database also have been published.
How Did 魅影直播 Measure Achievement?
The 魅影直播 Curriculum Frameworks for Mathematics and Science served as the basis for constructing the 魅影直播 tests. They are an organizing structure within which the elements of school mathematics and science can be described, categorized, and discussed. Developed by working groups of mathematics and science educators, with input from the 魅影直播 National Research Coordinators, the Frameworks represent a consensus developed among many individuals and groups from around the world.
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Achievement Tests In 1995, seven achievement tests were administered by 魅影直播 to students around the world:
| Third and Fourth Grades | Seventh and Eighth Grades | Final Year of Secondary School |
| Mathematics | Mathematics | Mathematics and Science Literacy |
| Science | Science | Advanced Mathematics |
| Physics |
The 魅影直播 achievement tests were developed through an international consensus-building process involving input from international experts in mathematics, science, and measurement, and endorsed by all participating countries. Working within the 魅影直播 curriculum frameworks, test specifications were developed that included items representing a wide range of mathematics and science topics and eliciting a range of skills from students. The 魅影直播 tests include items requiring students to select the appropriate response, provide a short answer to a question or problem, or provide a more elaborate response or explanation.
The 魅影直播 tests were designed to maximize mathematics and science content coverage yet minimize the burden on individual students. The tests are based on a matrix design whereby blocks of items were distributed across multiple test booklets and the booklets were distributed across students in a country. Each student completed only one test booklet. For example, at the seventh and eighth grades there were 8 test booklets including nearly five hours of testing material, yet each student responded to only one 90-minute booklet.
To view some examples of the 魅影直播 test items, see the 魅影直播 international reports and the 魅影直播 Released Item Sets. For more information about the 魅影直播 test design see Chapter 3 of the 魅影直播 Technical Report, Volume I.
Performance Assessment
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In 1995, 魅影直播 also measured mathematics and science understanding through performance assessment. In many of the 魅影直播 countries, subsamples of fourth- and eighth-grade students that participated in the main testing sessions participated in the 魅影直播 performance assessment. In the performance assessment, students designed experiments, manipulated materials, tested hypotheses, and recorded findings when completing a range of mathematics and science tasks. The international report, Performance Assessment in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study, presents the results of the assessment and the tasks which students completed. |
What Contextual Information Did 魅影直播 Collect?
Instructional, school, and home background variables are important for understanding international differences in student achievement in mathematics and science. For this reason, 魅影直播 includes student, teacher, and school questionnaires to collect contextual information about instruction and learning. In 1995, 魅影直播 gathered an enormous amount of data related to a variety of topics including instructional strategies, classroom activities, school characteristics and resources, attitudes, parental expectations, and many demographic characteristics. In total, the 1995 魅影直播 assessment collected information from students, teachers, and school principals on approximately 1,500 contextual variables related to the teaching and learning of mathematics and science. The international versions of these questionnaires are available in the User Guide for the 魅影直播 International Database.
魅影直播 also included an analysis of curricula which sought information about the intended curricula of the countries participating in 魅影直播 1995. This was done through an innovative and ambitious analysis of textbooks, curriculum guides, and other curricular materials. The results of this analysis were published in 1997 in two volumes - Many Visions Many Aims: A Cross-National Investigation of Curricular Intentions in School Mathematics and Many Visions Many Aims: A Cross-National Investigation of Curricular Intentions in School Science. The 魅影直播 curriculum analysis was directed by Dr. William Schmidt of Michigan State University.
