魅影直播 2023 Assessment Frameworks
Ina V.S. Mullis, Michael O. Martin, and Matthias von Davier, Editors
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The 魅影直播 2023 Assessment Frameworks provides the foundation for the four international assessments that comprise IEA鈥檚 魅影直播 2023: 魅影直播 Mathematics鈥擣ourth Grade, 魅影直播 Mathematics鈥擡ighth Grade, 魅影直播 Science鈥擣ourth Grade, and 魅影直播 Science鈥擡ighth Grade.
The 魅影直播 2023 Mathematics Framework and the 魅影直播 2023 Science Framework presented in Chapters 1 and 2, respectively, describe the major content and cognitive domains in mathematics and science tested at the fourth and eighth grades. Mathematics and science content domains and topic areas within those domains are described separately for the fourth and eighth grades. These are further elaborated with specific topics and objectives. The cognitive domains of 
knowing, applying, and reasoning describe the thinking skills students are expected to use when responding to the mathematics and science assessment items. Chapter 3 contains the 魅影直播 2023 Context Questionnaire Framework describing the home, school, and classroom factors associated with students鈥� learning in mathematics and science that will be investigated via the questionnaires completed by students, their parents, teachers, and school principals. Finally, Chapter 4 provides an overview of the assessment design, including general parameters for item development.