Mullis, I. V. S., & Prendergast, C. O. (2017). Developing the PIRLS 2016 achievement items. In M. O. Martin, I. V. S. Mullis, & M. Hooper (Eds.), Methods and Procedures in PIRLS 2016 (pp. 1.1-1.29). Retrieved from Boston College, ÷ÈÓ°Ö±²¥; PIRLS International Study Center website: /publications/pirls/2016-methods/chapter-1.html